Surgical management of a case of contractile peripapillary staphyloma with retinal detachment and macular hole.

A healthy 4-year-old male presented a fundus examination with a unilateral contractile peripapillary staphyloma surrounded by redundant retina and retinal pigment epithelium atrophy. Five years later, best-corrected visual acuity decreased to hand motion due to a retinal detachment with macular hole. One month after first vitrectomy, scleral buckle and intraocular gas, retina re-detached. Second surgery was performed with silicon oil tamponade and lensectomy without intraocular lens (IOL). Subretinal silicon oil was detected at the third month of follow-up when vitrectomy, inferior retinectomy, and laser photocoagulation of temporal border of staphyloma with silicon oil tamponade were performed. The retina remained attached and best-corrected visual acuity was 20/600 with intraocular silicon oil. A fourth surgery was performed for emulsified silicon oil extraction replaced with intraocular gas. At 6 months of follow-up, the retina re-detached again. This is a challenging vitreoretinal surgery in which re-detachments were due to retinal folds around the contractile staphyloma that raised macular hole. This is the first report of the combined presentation of contractile peripapillary staphyloma, retinal detachment and macular hole with a long-time follow-up period of years.

Surgical technique: Autologous scleral flap for optic disk pit maculopathy.

PURPOSE: To present a clinical case and surgical technique for management of optic disk pit (ODP) maculopathy. METHODS: Surgical technique video of lens sparring pars plana vitrectomy, autologous scleral flap insertion and gas tamponade. RESULTS: After 1 year follow-up visual acuity was restored to 20/25, retinal serous detachment and schisis were resolved and the autologous scleral flap remained in the (ODP). CONCLUSION: In this case, treatment with pars plana vitrectomy autologous scleral flap insertion and gas tamponade for optic pit maculopathy provided satisfactory anatomical and functional results.

Resultados postquirúrgicos en pacientes con desprendimiento de retina regmatógeno asociado a agujero macular concomitante / Postsurgical results in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with concurrent macular hole

Introducción: el desprendimiento de retina regmatógeno (DRR) y agujero macular concomitante (AM) es una asociación poco frecuente, se reporta alrededor del 1-1,7%. Objetivo: presentar los resultados anatómicos y funcionales obtenidos en 11 casos intervenidos por DRR asociado a AM. Diseño del estudio: estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo. Método: estudio retrospectivo. Se registraron 11 pacientes con estas características entre 2010-2018. Se realizó vitrectomía con calibre 23 G, cerclaje escleral, remoción de membrana limitante interna (MLI), endofotocoagulación, lensectomía en los pacientes fáquicos y tamponaje con aceite de silicón o gas. Se evaluaron las siguientes variables: edad, sexo, agudeza visual (AV) al diagnóstico, tiempo de evolución del DRR, número de desgarros, grado de proliferación vitreoretiniana (PVR), si requirió retinectomía, tiempo de tamponaje con aceite de silicón, AV posterior a la extracción de aceite con colocación de lente intraocular y si se obtuvo el cierre del AM. El análisis estadístico descriptivo consistió en las variables cualitativas en frecuencias absolutas y relativas, mientras que en las cuantitativas medidas de tendencia central tipo promedio con rango mínimo y máximo. Resultados: los pacientes presentaban una edad promedio de 63 años (rango 53-74) con agudeza visual (AV) preoperatoria entre proyección luminosa y cuenta dedos. Diez pacientes presentaban mácula desprendida; el número de desgarros fueron de 1 a 2. El grado de PVR al diagnóstico: 2 grado B; 3 grado C2; 2 grado D1; 4 casos sin PVR. En 2 pacientes con PVR C3 y D1 se realizó retinectomía en 180°. En el 82% de los casos se logró la reaplicación de la retina en la primera cirugía, 100% en la segunda y en el 64% se constató el cierre completo del AM. La AV final fue entre 20/200 a 20/50, donde las mejores AV se asocian a casos con intervención precoz y sin PVR. Conclusión: Se encontró una tasa de reaplicación de la retina similar a O'Driscoll et al. donde alcanza el 78%, aunque solo 31% de su serie logra el cierre completo del AM utilizando gas SF6 como tamponaje sin pelaje de la MLI. En este estudio la tasa de cierre del AM es mayor alcanzando el 64% con pelaje de la MLI y una tasa de éxito anatómico con reaplicación de la retina en el 82% en la primera intervención.

Background: rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and concomitant macular hole (MH) is a rare association, reported around 1-1,7%. Objective: to report anatomical and functional postoperative results in 11 patients with RD associated with MH. Study design: observational retrospective descriptive study. Method: this is a retrospective study. Eleven patients were registered with RRD and MH between 2010-2018. A 23G vitrectomy, scleral buckling, internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, laser photocoagulation, lensectomy in phakic patients and tamponade with silicone oil or gas were performed. The following variables were evaluated: age, sex, visual acuity (VA) at diagnosis, time of evolution of RRD, number of retinal tears, degree of vitreoretinal proliferation (VRP), if retinectomy is required, tamponade time with silicone oil, VA after extraction of silicon oil and scleral fixation of intraocular lens and if closure of the MH was obtained. The descriptive statistical analysis consisted of qualitative variables in absolute and relative frequencies; in the quantitative variables were applied measures of central tendency like average with minimum and maximum range. Results: the patients had an average age of 63 years (range 53-74) with preoperative visual acuity (VA) between luminous projection and counting fingers. Ten patients had detached macula; the number of retinal tears were 1 to 2. The degree VRP at diagnosis: 2 grade B; 3 grade C2; 2 grade D1; 4 cases without VRP. In 2 patients with VRP C3 and D1, a 180° retinectomy was performed. In 82% of the cases, the reapplication of the retina was achieved in the first surgery, 100% in the second and in 64% the complete closure of the MH was confi rmed. The final VA was from 20/200 to 20/50, where the best visual outcomes are associated with early intervention and without VPR. Conclusion: this study found a retinal reapplication rate similar to O'Driscoll et al. where it reaches 78%, although only 31% of this report achieves the complete closure of the MH using SF6 gas as tamponade without ILM peeling. In this study, the closure rate of the MH is greater reaching 64% with ILM peeling and an anatomical success rate with retinal reapplication in 82% in the first intervention.

Experiencia del Implante de Dexametasona Intravítreo para el tratamiento de Edema Macularen Barranquilla, Colombia / Experience with intravitreal dexamethasone implant for macular edema treatment in Barranquilla, Colombia

Objetivos: Mostrar la experiencia y resultados del tratamiento con el implante intravítreo de Dexametasona (Ozurdex) para el edema macular (EM) secundario a patologías vítreo retinianas en una Clínica Oft almológica en Barranquilla - Colombia. Métodos: Reporte de casos retrospectivo, 22 historias clínicas desde el mes de enero del 2012 a mayo del 2016. Se incluyeron datos de pacientes pseudofáquicos con historia clínica de EM secundario a Retinopatía diabética, DMRE húmeda multitratada con Anti VEGF, Oclusión venosa retiniana central (OVCR), uveítis, postoperatorio de cirugía vitreorretiniana por desprendimiento de retina y pelaje de membrana epirretiniana. Las variables registradas fueron edad, sexo, agudeza visual mejor corregida (AVMC), presión intraocular (PIO), subtipo de EM, etiología del EM, respuesta del EM a los 4 meses de tratamiento valorada por OCT. Se utilizó la prueba de T de Wilcoxon para muestras pareadas. Resultados: Edad promedio de 68 años, 61.9% mujeres y 42.86% hombres. En la distribución del EM por OCT de todos los casos en estudio, 54.5% de los casos presentó un EM predominantemente quístico y 45.5% presentó un EM predominantemente difuso. La AVMC de base fue de 0.45 +/- 0.41 logMAR (R: 0 ­ 2 LogMAR) y la AVMC posterior a los 4 meses del tratamiento fue de 0.40 +/- 0.44 logMAR (R: 0 ­ 2 LogMAR, P: 0.476). La PIO presentó picos de elevación durante los meses 1 y 2 posterior al tratamiento en 59.9%, siendo manejada satisfactoriamente con antihipertensivos oculares. Los grosores maculares promedios previos y a los 4 meses del implante fueron de 372.13 µm (R:184 ­ 661 µm) y de 300.18 µm (R: 176 ­ 495 µm) en su grosor foveal central respectivamente. El grupo de EM quístico tuvo una reducción promedio de 121.41 µm (IC 95% 31.07 ­ 211.75, P: 0.013), el grupo de EM difuso tuvo reducción promedia de 13.66 µm (IC 95% -8.94 ­ 36.27, P: 0.201). Conclusiones: Se muestra la experiencia y efectividad del tratamiento con ozurdex intravítreo en el EM asociado a diversas patologías. Se encontró una respuesta con disminución de grosores maculares a 4 meses del tratamiento, con una mayor respuesta por parte del subtipo de EM predominantemente quístico y el EM secundario a OVCR como mejor respondedor de acuerdo a su etiología. Los picos de PIO fueron manejados adecuadamente con antihipertensivos tópicos, no se reportaron otros efectos adversos en la evolución de los pacientes.

Purpose: To show the experience and results of the treatment with intravitreal dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex) for macular edema secondary to vitreous retinal pathologies at an ophthalmologic clinic in Barranquilla, Colombia. Methods: Retrospective case reports study. We reviewed 22 clinical records from January 2012 to May 2016 that met the inclusion criteria. Pseudophakic patients data with clinical history of macular edema (ME) secondary to diabetic retinopathy, wet AMD multitreated with Anti VEGF, Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO), Uveitis, postoperative vitreoretinal surgery due to retinal detachment and epiretinal membrane peeling were included. The variables recorded were age, sex, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), subtype of ME, etiology of ME, ME response at 4 months of treatment assessed by OCT. Th e Wilcoxon T test was used for paired samples. Results: Th e average age was 68 years. According to sex there were 61.9% female and 42.86% male. In the distribution of ME by OCT of all the cases under study, 54.5% of the cases had a predominantly cystic ME and 45.5% had a predominantly diff use ME. Th e baseline BCVA was 0.45 +/- 0.41 logMAR (R: 0-2 LogMAR), the BCVA aft er 4 months of treatment was 0.40 +/- 0.44 logMAR (R:0-2 LogMAR, P: 0.476). IOP showed elevation peaks during months 1 and 2 posttreatment in 59.9%, being satisfactorily managed with ocular antihypertensives. The mean macular thickness prior to and at 4 months of Ozurdex was 372.13 µm (R: 184 - 661 µm) and 300.18 µm (R: 176 - 495 µm) at its central foveal thickness, respectively. Th e cystic ME group had a mean reduction of 121.41 µm (95% CI 31.07 - 211.75, P: 0.013); the diff use ME group had a mean reduction of 13.66 µm (95% CI -8.94 - 36.27, P: 0.201). Conclusions: We show our experience and the eff ectiveness of treatment with intravitreal ozurdex in ME associated with various pathologies. We found a response with a decrease in macular thickness at 4 months of treatment, with a higher response by the subtype of a predominantly cystic ME and ME secondary to CRVO as the best responder according to its etiology. IOP peaks were handled adequately with topical antihypertensives, no other adverse eff ects were reported in the evolution of patients.